The aim of this ESC Guideline is to help health professionals manage people with heart
failure (HF) according to the best available evidence. Fortunately, we now have a wealth of …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the
formation of plaques containing lipid, connective tissue and immune cells in the intima of …

ESC Guidelines e341 (1) the specific situation of the patient. In this respect, it is specified
that, unless otherwise provided for by national regulations, offlabel use of medication should …

Objective To develop updated guidelines for the pharmacologic management of rheumatoid
arthritis. Methods We developed clinically relevant population, intervention, comparator, and …

IL (interleukin)-6 is a pivotal cytokine of innate immunity, which enacts a broad set of
physiological functions traditionally associated with host defense, immune cell regulation …

Due to the key role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of
immunoinflammatory diseases, TNF-α inhibitors have been successfully developed and …

In accordance with the comorbidity-inflammation paradigm, comorbidities and especially
metabolic comorbidities are presumed to drive development and severity of heart failure with …

The observation that heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is associated with elevated
circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines opened a new area of research that has …

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) results from epithelioid cell granulomas infiltrating the myocardium
and predisposing to conduction disturbances, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and heart …

It has long been observed that heart failure (HF) is associated with measures of systemic
inflammation. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in our …