Fibers, originating from nature and mastered by human, have woven their way throughout
the entire history of human civilization. Recent developments in semiconducting polymer …

Electronic textiles (e‐textiles) have emerged as a revolutionary solution for personalized
healthcare, enabling the continuous collection and communication of diverse physiological …

With the aging of society and the increase in people's concern for personal health, long-term
physiological signal monitoring in daily life is in demand. In recent years, electronic skin (e …

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a non-invasive method of measuring neuromuscular
potentials generated when the brain instructs the body to perform both fine and coarse …

Electrodes fabricated on a flexible substrate are a revolutionary development in wearable
health monitoring due to their lightweight, breathability, comfort, and flexibility to conform to …

Surface electrode arrays are mainly fabricated from rigid or elastic materials, and precisely
manipulated ductile metal films, which offer limited stretchability. However, the living tissues …

Textile electrodes, also called textrodes, for biosignal monitoring as well as
electrostimulation are central for the emerging research field of smart textiles. However, so …

Electrical stimulation can be used for the treatment of various nerve and muscle injuries as
well as acute and chronic pain conditions. An electrical pulse is applied to a muscle or nerve …

Surface electromyography is a technique used to measure the electrical activity of muscles.
sEMG can be used to assess muscle function in various settings, including clinical …

Introduction In recent years, electromyography (EMG) has been increasingly studied for
wearable applications. Conventional gel electrodes for electrophysiological recordings have …