There is now ample evidence of the ecological impacts of recent climate change, from polar
terrestrial to tropical marine environments. The responses of both flora and fauna span an …

Ecological changes in the phenology and distribution of plants and animals are occurring in
all well-studied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial groups. These observed changes are …

Abstract During 2014–2016, severe marine heatwaves in the northeast Pacific triggered well-
documented disturbances including mass mortalities, harmful algal blooms, and declines in …

Marine fishes and invertebrates respond to ocean warming through distribution shifts,
generally to higher latitudes and deeper waters. Consequently, fisheries should be affected …

In 1990, Andrew Bakun proposed that increasing greenhouse gas concentrations would
force intensification of upwelling-favorable winds in eastern boundary current systems that …

Abstract The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) has been described by some as a long-lived
El Niño-like pattern of Pacific climate variability, and by others as a blend of two sometimes …

Several lines of evidence show that ocean warming off the east coast of Tasmania is the
result of intensification of the East Australian Current (EAC). Increases in the strength …

Kelp forests are phyletically diverse, structurally complex and highly productive components
of coldwater rocky marine coastlines. This paper reviews the conditions in which kelp forests …

Mass mortalities due to disease outbreaks have recently affected major taxa in the oceans.
For closely monitored groups like corals and marine mammals, reports of the frequency of …

Recent warming has caused changes in species distribution and abundance,,, but the extent
of the effects is unclear. Here we investigate whether such changes in highland forests at …