Precipitation over and near mountains is not caused by topography but, rather, occurs when
storms of a type that can occur anywhere (deep convection, fronts, tropical cyclones) form …

For over 16 years, the Precipitation Radar of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
(TRMM) satellite detected the three‐dimensional structure of significantly precipitating …

Owing to the extraordinary latitudinal extent, a strong orographic variability with very high
mountain tops, and the presence of deep valleys and steep slopes, the Andes and the …

Forest mortality caused by convective storms (windthrow) is a major disturbance in the
Amazon. However, the linkage between windthrows at the surface and convective storms in …

Abstract The Andes/Amazon transition is among the rainiest regions of the world and the
interactions between large‐scale circulation and the topography that determine its complex …

Satellite radar and radiometer data indicate that subtropical South America has some of the
deepest and most extreme convective storms on Earth. This study uses the full 15-yr TRMM …

Conventionally, the heaviest rainfall has been linked to the tallest, most intense convective
storms. However, the global picture of the linkage between extreme rainfall and convection …

Tropical, temperate, and boreal forests are critical components of the climate system, and
the ecosystem services they provide are essential for our society (Bonan et al., 1992, Bonan …

Abstract The Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign was
designed to improve understanding of orographic cloud life cycles in relation to surrounding …

Abstract Eight years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar
(PR) data show how convective systems of different types contribute to precipitation of the …