Hypersaline brines are of growing environmental concern. While high-salinity desalination
and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) are increasingly attractive treatment options, the high salt …

Emerging technologies present many new possibilities for diversifying the desalination
industry, which is currently dominated by thermal desalination, and reverse osmosis. In this …

This work explores the existing desalination data of over 6 decades (from 1960s to year
2020) to provide an in-depth assessment, via statistical analysis, of the global spread of …

Desalination processes consume large amount of electricity and heat derived from fossil
fuels to produce fresh water. In recent years, solar desalination emerged as a favorable …

Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has become a prominent desalination method for fresh-
water production from either saline seawater or brackish water to meet the ever-growing …

Forward osmosis is an emerging osmosis-driven membrane process, which has benefits of
low energy consumption, low operational pressure, easy equipment, and low fouling. This …

Further reduction in energy consumption is an attractive prospect for both well-established
technologies such as reverse osmosis and electrodialysis, and for emerging desalination …

Membrane distillation (MD) technology has been mainly used as a treatment method for
saline or contaminated wastewater. Despite the rapid progress in material engineering and …

Recently membrane technology has emerged as a new promising and pervasive technology
due to its innate advantages over traditional technologies such as adsorption, distillation …

Growing uncertainty in the future availability of freshwater sources has led to an increase in
installations for desalination of seawater. Reverse osmosis (RO), currently the most widely …