The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

Despite continuous advances in understanding the underlying pathogenesis of
hyperexcitable networks and lowered seizure thresholds, the treatment of epilepsy remains …

INTRODUCTION Sleep homeostasis, the balance between the duration of sleep and
wakefulness, is a fundamental feature of the sleep-wake cycle. During wakefulness, sleep …

Astrocytes play a crucial role in regulating sleep–wake behavior, and adenosine signaling is
generally thought to be involved. Here we show multiple lines of evidence supporting that …

Adenosine is directly linked to the energy metabolism of cells. In the central nervous system
(CNS) an increase in neuronal activity enhances energy consumption as well as …

Eighty years ago Drury & Szent-Gyorgyi described the actions of adenosine, AMP (adenylic
acid) and ATP (pyrophosphoric or diphosphoric ester of adenylic acid) on the mammalian …

The basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic system has an important role in attentive functions. The
cholinergic system can be activated by different inputs, and in particular, by orexin neurons …

Adenosine is an inhibitory modulator of neuronal excitability. Neuronal activity results in
increased adenosine release, thereby constraining excessive excitation. The exceptionally …

Homosynaptic Hebbian-type plasticity provides a cellular mechanism of learning and
refinement of connectivity during development in a variety of biological systems. In this …

Sleep disturbances are the most prevalent non-motor symptoms in the preclinical stage of
Parkinson's disease (PD). Adenosine, glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and …