Autophagy is a survival-promoting pathway that captures, degrades, and recycles
intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes. Autophagy preserves organelle function …

It is controversial whether cells truly die via autophagy or whether—in dying cells—
autophagy is merely an innocent bystander or a well-intentioned 'Good Samaritan'trying to …

Regulated necrosis, termed necroptosis, is negatively regulated by caspase-8 and is
dependent on the kinase activity of RIPK1 and RIPK3. Necroptosis leads to rapid plasma …

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent mechanism of intracellular degradation. The cellular
and molecular mechanisms underlying this process are highly complex and involve multiple …

Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are well-known 4-aminoquinoline
antimalarial agents. Scientific evidence also supports the use of CQ and HCQ in the …

Regulated, programmed cell death is crucial for all multicellular organisms. Cell death is
essential in many processes, including tissue sculpting during embryogenesis, development …

The combination of temsirolimus (TEM), an MTOR inhibitor, and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ),
an autophagy inhibitor, augments cell death in preclinical models. This phase 1 dose …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic complication of diabetes and the leading cause
of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Currently, there are limited therapeutic drugs …

Lysosomes are membrane‐bound intracellular organelles that receive macromolecules
delivered by endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy for degradation and recycling. Over …

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection. The core
mechanism underlying sepsis is immune dysfunction, with macrophages, as important cells …