Agriculture in the 21st century is facing multiple challenges, such as those related to soil
fertility, climatic fluctuations, environmental degradation, urbanization, and the increase in …

Surfactants are amphiphilic compounds having hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties in
their structure. They can be of synthetic or of microbial origin, obtained respectively from …

Microbial biofilms are formed by adherence of the bacteria through their secreted polymer
matrices. The major constituents of the polymer matrices are extracellular DNAs, proteins …

Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture, forestry, and, to some extent, public health. As
effective as they can be, due to the limited biodegradability and toxicity of some of them, they …

Over the past two decades, various eco-friendly approaches utilizing microbial species to
clean up contaminated environments have surfaced. In this aspect, actinobacteria have …

Research on plastic pollution has recently evidenced the ubiquitous presence of tiny plastic
particles called microplastics. Microplastics alter organisms because microplastics tend to …

Adsorption, degradation, and movement are the key processes conditioning the behavior
and fate of pesticides in the soil. Six processes that can move pesticides are leaching …

Metal pollution is one of the most persistent and complex environmental issues, causing
threat to the ecosystem and human health. On exposure to several toxic metals such as …

In terms of the number and diversity of living units, the prokaryotic empire is the most
represented form of life on Earth, and yet it is still to a significant degree shrouded in …

Human population growth, industrialization, and globalization have caused several
pressures on the planet's natural resources, culminating in the severe climate and …