Practical challenges in simulating quantum systems on classical computers have been
widely recognized in the quantum physics and quantum chemistry communities over the …

Quantum random sampling is the leading proposal for demonstrating a computational
advantage of quantum computers over classical computers. Recently the first large-scale …

We show that a set of gates that consists of all one-bit quantum gates [U (2)] and the two-bit
exclusive-O R gate [that maps Boolean values (x, y) to (x, x⊕ y)] is universal in the sense …

There was a time when cultured Eng-lishmen would embark on a Grand Tour of Europe,
visiting important cities and inspecting monuments and vistas. The book of Penrose is a …

Universal Quantum Simulators Page 1 33. G. Felsenfeld et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 79, 2023 (1957);
AG Letai et al., Biochemistry 27, 9108 (1988). 34. M. Riley, Microbiol. Rev. 57, 862 (1993) …

Quantum information processing relies on the precise control of non-classical states in the
presence of many uncontrolled environmental degrees of freedom. The interactions …

The counter-intuitive aspects of quantum physics have been for long illustrated by thought
experiments, from Einstein's photon box to Schrödinger's cat. These experiments have now …

If the bits of computers are someday scaled down to the size of individual atoms, quantum
mechanical effects may profoundly change the nature of computation itself. The wave …

We demonstrate the operation of a two-bit" controlled-NOT" quantum logic gate, which, in
conjunction with simple single-bit operations, forms a universal quantum logic gate for …

Methods for, and limitations to, the generation of entangled states of trapped atomic ions are
examined. As much as possible, state manipulations are described in terms of quantum …