The last 6000years are of particular interest to the understanding of the Earth System
because the boundary conditions of the climate system did not change dramatically (in …

Hundreds of coral paleoclimate records have been developed over the past several
decades, significantly extending the instrumental record and improving our understanding of …

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives large changes in global climate patterns
from year to year, yet its sensitivity to continued anthropogenic greenhouse forcing is …

The mid-Holocene (6000 years ago) is a standard experiment for the evaluation of the
simulated response of global climate models using paleoclimate reconstructions. The latest …

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the largest engine of interannual climate
variability on the planet, yet its past behavior and potential for future change are poorly …

• The sustained rate of increase over the past century in the combined radiative forcing from
the three well-mixed greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous …

Massive scleractinian corals secrete an aragonitic skeleton which incorporates a large array
of chemical tracers. Corals present several advantages for palaeoclimate research: they …

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the strongest mode of interannual climate variability
in the current climate, influencing ecosystems, agriculture and weather systems across the …

The tropics are the major source of heat and moisture for the Australasian region.
Determining the tropics' response over time to changes in climate forcing mechanisms, such …

Peatlands have been recognised as globally important carbon sinks over long timescales
that produced a global, net-climatic cooling effect over the Holocene. However, little is …