The calculation of rate coefficients is a discipline of nonlinear science of importance to much
of physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology. Fifty years after Kramers' seminal paper on …

How fast can a protein possibly fold? This question has stimulated experimentalists to seek
fast folding proteins and to engineer them to fold even faster. Proteins folding at or near the …

We present a unified framework for extracting kinetic information from single-molecule
pulling experiments at constant force or constant pulling speed. Our procedure provides …

A complete understanding of a protein-folding mechanism requires description of the
distribution of microscopic pathways that connect the folded and unfolded states. This …

The theory of fluorescent emission anisotropy [r (t)] of a cylindrical probe in a membrane
suspension is developed. It is shown, independent of any model, that the limiting anisotropy …

One of the major challenges in modern biology is to understand how the molecular
components of a living cell operate in a highly noisy environment. What are the specific …

The properties of unfolded proteins have long been of interest because of their importance
to the protein folding process. Recently, the surprising prevalence of unstructured regions or …

Structural changes on a broad range of length and time scales are closely connected to
biochemical function. The high relevance of conformational dynamics to macromolecular …

Phototransduction is the process by which absorbed light is converted into an electrical
signal in retinal photoreceptors. The'cyclic GMP cascade'is now widely accepted as the …

Chromosomes in the eukaryotic nucleus are highly compacted. However, for many
functional processes, including transcription initiation, the pairwise motion of distal …