Foundation models for generalist medical artificial intelligence

M Moor, O Banerjee, ZSH Abad, HM Krumholz… - Nature, 2023 - nature.com
The exceptionally rapid development of highly flexible, reusable artificial intelligence (AI)
models is likely to usher in newfound capabilities in medicine. We propose a new paradigm …

Challenges and applications of large language models

J Kaddour, J Harris, M Mozes, H Bradley… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - arxiv.org
Large Language Models (LLMs) went from non-existent to ubiquitous in the machine
learning discourse within a few years. Due to the fast pace of the field, it is difficult to identify …

Toward expert-level medical question answering with large language models

K Singhal, T Tu, J Gottweis, R Sayres, E Wulczyn… - Nature Medicine, 2025 - nature.com
Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in medical question answering, with
Med-PaLM being the first to exceed a 'passing'score in United States Medical Licensing …

[HTML][HTML] Large language models encode clinical knowledge

K Singhal, S Azizi, T Tu, SS Mahdavi, J Wei, HW Chung… - Nature, 2023 - nature.com
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, but the bar for
clinical applications is high. Attempts to assess the clinical knowledge of models typically …

Holistic evaluation of language models

P Liang, R Bommasani, T Lee, D Tsipras… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2022 - arxiv.org
Language models (LMs) are becoming the foundation for almost all major language
technologies, but their capabilities, limitations, and risks are not well understood. We present …

Unifying large language models and knowledge graphs: A roadmap

S Pan, L Luo, Y Wang, C Chen… - IEEE Transactions on …, 2024 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT4, are making new waves in the
field of natural language processing and artificial intelligence, due to their emergent ability …

Large language models encode clinical knowledge

K Singhal, S Azizi, T Tu, SS Mahdavi, J Wei… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2022 - arxiv.org
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural
language understanding and generation, but the quality bar for medical and clinical …

Exploring the potential of large language models (llms) in learning on graphs

Z Chen, H Mao, H Li, W **, H Wen, X Wei… - ACM SIGKDD …, 2024 - dl.acm.org
Learning on Graphs has attracted immense attention due to its wide real-world applications.
The most popular pipeline for learning on graphs with textual node attributes primarily relies …

Large language models on graphs: A comprehensive survey

B **, G Liu, C Han, M Jiang, H Ji… - IEEE Transactions on …, 2024 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT4 and LLaMA, are creating significant
advancements in natural language processing, due to their strong text encoding/decoding …

Almanac—retrieval-augmented language models for clinical medicine

C Zakka, R Shad, A Chaurasia, AR Dalal, JL Kim… - NEJM AI, 2024 - ai.nejm.org
Abstract Background Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown impressive zero-
shot capabilities, whereby they can use auxiliary data, without the availability of task-specific …