Naturally occurring CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which specifically express the
transcription factor FoxP3 in the nucleus and CD25 and CTLA-4 on the cell surface, are a …

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are a small subset of immune cells that are dedicated to
curbing excessive immune activation and maintaining immune homeostasis. Accordingly …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors that act
on a genetically susceptible host. It features three clinical stages: a pre-clinical stage …

In recent years, the understanding of regulatory T cell (Treg cell) biology has expanded
considerably. Key observations have challenged the traditional definition of Treg cells and …

The PD-1 pathway is a cornerstone in immune regulation. While the PD-1 pathway has
received considerable attention for its role in contributing to the maintenance of T cell …

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, the immunologic model of which has been
profoundly revised following recent advances in the understanding of its pathophysiology. In …

CD4+ CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress other immune cells and,
thus, are critical mediators of peripheral self-tolerance. On the one hand, Tregs avert …

Abstract Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ regulatory T (TReg) cells are potent mediators of
dominant self tolerance in the periphery. But confusion as to the identity, stability and …

B cells are regarded for their capacity to produce antibody. However, recent advances in B
cell biology have capitalized on old findings and demonstrated that B cells also release a …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which destruction or damaging of
the beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans results in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. We …