This paper reviews current understanding of key physics elements that control the H-mode
pedestal structure, which exists at the boundary of magnetically confined plasmas. The …

JOREK is a massively parallel fully implicit non-linear extended magneto-hydrodynamic
(MHD) code for realistic tokamak X-point plasmas. It has become a widely used versatile …

One of our grand challenges towards fusion energy is the achievement of a high-
performance plasma core coupled to a boundary solution. The high confinement mode (H …

The quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) regime, formerly known as either type-II ELM or small
ELM regime is studied in ASDEX Upgrade. The regime is a natural type-I ELM-free H-mode …

The programme to design plasma scenarios for the Spherical Tokamak for Energy
Production (STEP), a reactor concept aiming at net electricity production, seeks to exploit the …

The search for scenarios in which tolerable power exhaust is combined with good
confinement must involve high separatrix densities. We present here the first infrared …

Tokamak operational regimes with small edge localized modes (ELMs) could be a solution
to the problem of large transient heat loads in fusion reactors. A ballooning mode near the …

The research program of the TCV tokamak ranges from conventional to advanced-tokamak
scenarios and alternative divertor configurations, to exploratory plasmas driven by …

Parametric decay instabilities (PDIs) lead to the generation of strong frequency-shifted
radiation when powerful X-mode polarized microwaves, injected for electron cyclotron …

One critical issue in steady-state and high-performance operation in future tokamak fusion
reactors is to develop H-mode operational regimes that mitigate or eliminate the large …