Studying within-species variation has traditionally been limited to culturable bacterial
isolates and low-resolution microbial community fingerprinting. Metagenomic sequencing …

The number of species on Earth is one of the most fundamental numbers in science, but one
that remains highly uncertain. Clearly, more species exist than the present number of …

Recombination is an important evolutionary force in bacteria, but it remains challenging to
reconstruct the imports that occurred in the ancestry of a genomic sample. Here we present …

Speciation results from the progressive accumulation of mutations that decrease the
probability of mating between parental populations or reduce the fitness of hybrids—the so …

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Some bacteria can transfer to new host species, and this poses a risk to human health.
Indeed, an estimated 60% of all human pathogens have originated from other animal …

Abstract Prokaryotic Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) such as transposons, integrons,
phages and plasmids, play important roles in prokaryotic evolution and in the dispersal of …

Horizontal genetic transfer (HGT) has played an important role in bacterial evolution at least
since the origins of the bacterial divisions, and HGT still facilitates the origins of bacterial …

Enterococcus faecium, natively a gut commensal organism, emerged as a leading cause of
multidrug-resistant hospital-acquired infection in the 1980s. As the living record of its …

Humans normally experience the conscious self as localized within their bodily borders. This
spatial unity may break down in certain neurological conditions such as out-of-body …