▪ Abstract Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) are characterized by
possession of complex cyclically parthenogenetic life cycles and the ability to induce a wide …

▪ Abstract There are three major classes of insect genetic systems: those with diploid males
(diplodiploidy), those with effectively haploid males (haplodiploidy), and those without males …

Phylogenies are usually dated by calibrating interior nodes against the fossil record. This
relies on indirect methods that, in the worst case, misrepresent the fossil information. Here …

Beetles occur in most terrestrial and freshwater habitats and a few occupy marine
environments. The most common life‐cycle type in beetles is holometaboly. More …

An updated classification of the order Hymenoptera is provided with the current numbers of
genera and species described so far specified. The order is composed of 2 suborders, 27 …

The recent development of Bayesian phylogenetic inference using Markov chain Monte
Carlo (MCMC) techniques has facilitated the exploration of parameter-rich evolutionary …

We analysed patterns of animal dispersal, vicariance and diversification in the Holarctic
based on complete phylogenies of 57 extant non-marine taxa, together comprising 770 …

Gall wasps (Cynipidae) represent the most spectacular radiation of gall-inducing insects. In
addition to true gall formers, gall wasps also include phytophagous inquilines, which live …

Summary 1 Ecologists concerned with life‐history strategies of parasitoid wasps have
recently focused on interspecific variation in the fraction of the maximum potential lifetime …

An overview of recent advances in our understanding of the higher phylogeny and
classification is presented. Molecular and morphological cladistic and pre-cladistic studies …