Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules
and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library …

Metabolic engineers endeavor to create a bio-based manufacturing industry using microbes
to produce fuels, chemicals, and medicines. Plant natural products (PNPs) are historically …

The Sc2. 0 project is building a eukaryotic synthetic genome from scratch. A major milestone
has been achieved with all individual Sc2. 0 chromosomes assembled. Here, we describe …

Careful consideration of how we approach design is crucial to all areas of biotechnology.
However, choosing or develo** an effective design methodology is not always easy as …

Naturally evolved organisms typically have large genomes that enable their survival and
growth under various conditions. However, the complexity of genomes often precludes our …

The de novo synthesis of genomes has made unprecedented progress and achieved
milestones, particularly in bacteria and yeast. However, the process of synthesizing a …

Natural products account for more than 50% of all small-molecule pharmaceutical agents
currently in clinical use. However, low availability often becomes problematic when a …

We describe construction of the synthetic yeast chromosome XI (synXI) and reveal the
effects of redesign at non-coding DNA elements. The 660-kb synthetic yeast genome project …

Abstract Synthetic Chromosome Rearrangement and Modification by LoxP-mediated
Evolution (SCRaMbLE) is a promising tool to study genomic rearrangements. However, the …

Synthetic auxotrophy in which cell viability depends on the presence of an unnatural amino
acid (unAA) provides a powerful strategy to restrict unwanted propagation of genetically …