Iran has invariably been under the growing public health threat of cutaneous leishmaniasis
(CL), a significant barrier to local development that hinders the prevention and control efforts …

Leishmaniasis is a neglected and old emerging/reemerging disease that has extremely
increased and expanded in the different geographical areas. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) …

Abstract Background Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (OWCL) is endemic in Iran and
most cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are caused by Leishmania major, and then …

Over the last years, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of unresponsive
patients with anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) reported worldwide. The primary …

Background The control of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is facilitated by knowledge of
factors associated with the treatment failures in endemic countries. The aim of this …

Background Resistance to antimonials is a fundamental determinant of treatment failure in
anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Detection of reliable molecular markers to …

Background The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a central cascade of signal transduction for
the myriad of cytokines in which dysregulation has been implicated in progression of …

IL-27 is a cytokine that exerts diverse effects on the cells of innate and adaptive immune
systems. Chiefly expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells during the early phase of …

Leishmania has biologically adapted to specific phlebotomine sand flies through long co-
evolution. The ability of Leishmania spp. to bind to sand fly midgut allows each Leishmania …

Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania tropica (L. tropica)
represents a public health challenge in several resource poor settings. We herein employed …