The vast majority of agricultural land undergoes abiotic stress that can significantly reduce
agricultural yields. Understanding the mechanisms of plant defenses against stresses and …

Global climate change affects weather patterns, affecting soil salinity and drought tolerance.
Crop resilience and agriculture sustainability can be enhanced by exploring soil salinity …

Heat stress (HS) is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the production and quality of
wheat. Rising temperatures are particularly threatening to wheat production. A detailed …

Prolonged periods of drought triggered by climate change hamper plant growth and cause
substantial agricultural yield losses every year. In addition to drought, salinity is one of the …

Ethylene Responsive Factor (ERF) subfamily comprise the largest number of proteins in the
plant AP2/ERF superfamily, and have been most extensively studied on the biological …

Salinity stress is the major abiotic stress that affects crop production and productivity as it
has a multifarious negative effect on the growth and development of the plant. Salinity stress …

Melatonin is a natural, multifunctional, nontoxic, regulatory, and ubiquitous biomolecule,
having low molecular weight and pleiotropic effects in the plant kingdom. It is a recently …

Although nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for agricultural production, its overuse is
associated with environmental pollution, increased concentration of greenhouse gases, and …

Main conclusion The present review gives an insight into the salinity stress tolerance
responses and mechanisms of underground vegetable crops. Phytoprotectants, agronomic …

Silicon (Si) is the most abundant element on earth after oxygen and is very important for
plant growth under stress conditions. In the present study, we inspected the role of Si in the …