More than half a million people in the US experience homelessness every day. Lacking
other options, many turn to transit vehicles, stops, and stations for shelter. Many also ride …

Cities and towns are critical geographies of refuge for a globally unprecedented number of
forcibly displaced people. Yet urban processes also expose these groups and the local …

Originally created in 1970 by a small group of business people in Toronto's Bloor West
Village, Business Improvement Districts (hereafter BIDs) have become commonplace urban …

Although the influence of local urban elites on urban planning is well established in urban
studies and geography, the ways in which business and property owners take part in the …

Unsheltered homelessness is a growing crisis across the country. On any given night in
2019, roughly 210,000 people endured living and slee** outside on sidewalks and in …

For some time, business improvement districts (BIDs) have entered into the discourse and
practice of academics and urban planners. This model for town centre revitalization was …

Transit settings represent sites of visible homelessness, especially since the advent of
COVID-19, for many of the over 500,000 Americans unhoused each night. This report seeks …

Improving, strengthening, and fine tuning, as well as develo**, revitalizing, conserving,
and preserving, are all words commonly used in an urban and regional planner's …

Contrary to the perception that the business community can be hostile and exclusive toward
individuals experiencing homelessness, local businesses can and do serve homeless …

Prevailing theories of poverty governance emphasize how political and economic
constraints associated with urban neoliberalism have led to the retraction of protective …