Aim The current study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of lidocaine, tramadol,
and their combination for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in rabbits undergoing knee …

This study was undertaken to compare the analgesic effects of lidocaine, xylazine, and
medetomidine alone and their combinations with lidocaine in Uda sheep. The sheep (n= 6) …

Diseases are the major factors that cause alteration in both haematologic and biochemical
profile of the animal. Some anaesthetic drugs also alter these blood and biochemical …

Background Epidural analgesia using the alpha‐2 agonist detomidine (DE), alone or in
combination with lidocaine (LD), is frequently employed for standing surgical procedures in …

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of pudendal nerve block as an
alternative procedure to epidural analgesia for penile relaxation in male goats. Five healthy …

Background The role of adenosine (AD) in neuromodulation of nociceptive signaling at the
level of the spinal cord has been established in both preclinical and clinical models …

Ruminants are commonly subjected to loco-regional anaesthetic techniques over general
anaesthesia due to minimal side effects. There is still limited information on the effects of …

Small ruminants are easily managed for certain surgical procedures; they are less
aggressive but cannot endure excessive manipulations without anaesthesia. Complications …

Our understanding of the physiology and pharmacology of the neuraxial space has evolved
by virtue of the systematic work carried out with animal models involving neuraxial sampling …

Neuraxial drug administration offers a simple and effective technique to provide appropriate
analgesia to patients for a variety of procedures and conditions. The use of neuraxial …