Evidence for innate immune memory (or 'priming') in invertebrates has been accumulating
over the last years. We here provide an in-depth review of the current state of evidence for …

Many species of bivalve mollusks (phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia) are important in
fisheries and aquaculture, whilst others are critical to ecosystem structure and function …

Biomphalaria snails are instrumental in transmission of the human blood fluke Schistosoma
mansoni. With the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate schistosomiasis as a global …

We have identified 242 Anopheles gambiae genes from 18 gene families implicated in
innate immunity and have detected marked diversification relative to Drosophila …

The approximate 30 extant invertebrate phyla have diversified along separate evolutionary
trajectories for hundreds of millions of years. Although recent work understandably has …

The ability of develo** immunological memory, a characteristic feature of adaptive
immunity, is clearly present also in innate immune responses. In fact, it is well known that …

Invertebrates, including shrimp, have developed very complicated innate immune system
against pathogens. Much work has been performed on the innate immunity of shrimp …

Numerous studies of the mammalian immune system have begun to uncover profound
interrelationships, as well as fundamental differences, between the adaptive and innate …

A genome-wide analysis of innate immunity-related genes and gene families was conducted
using the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We identified orthologs for a large number of genes …

Thrombin is a Na+-activated, allosteric serine protease that plays opposing functional roles
in blood coagulation. Binding of Na+ is the major driving force behind the procoagulant …