The rich structures and hierarchical organizations in nature provide many sources of
inspiration for advanced material designs. We wish to recapitulate properties such as high …

Human beings have a greater need to pursue life and manage personal or family health in
the context of the rapid growth of artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things, and …

Robust damage-tolerant hydrogel fibers with high strength, crack resistance, and self-
healing properties are indispensable for their long-term uses in soft machines and robots as …

Due to a prolonged life expectancy, the number of orthopedic-related fractures and
pathologies is increasing, leading to a tremendous demand for efficient orthopedic …

Spider silk is a natural polymeric fiber with high tensile strength, toughness, and has distinct
thermal, optical, and biocompatible properties. The mechanical properties of spider silk are …

Stress-strain curves are an important representation of a material's mechanical properties,
from which important properties such as elastic modulus, strength, and toughness, are …

Biopolymer nanofibrils exhibit exceptional mechanical properties with a unique combination
of strength and toughness, while also presenting biological functions that interact with the …

There is an urgent need to improve the sustainability of the materials we produce and use.
Here, we explore what humans can learn from nature about how to sustainably fabricate …

Stronger, tougher, and lighter materials are always among the relentless pursuits of material
scientists and engineers. The hierarchical design inspired by nature has been considered …

Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural fibrous polymer with strong potential for many biomedical
applications. SF has attracted interest in the field of bone tissue engineering due to its …