Oxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in
Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruptions in the physiologic maintenance of the redox potential …

The common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a well studied and highly tractable genetic
model organism for understanding molecular mechanisms of human diseases. Many basic …

Mitochondrial electron transport generates the ATP that is essential for the excitability and
survival of neurons, and the protein phosphorylation reactions that mediate synaptic …

Animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have proved highly effective in the discovery of
novel treatments for motor symptoms of PD and in the search for clues to the underlying …

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as an important animal model in
various fields including neurobiology, developmental biology, and genetics. Characteristics …

Most neurodegenerative disorders are diseases of protein homeostasis, with misfolded
aggregates accumulating. The neurodegenerative process is mediated by numerous …

Loss-of-function mutations in the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) or parkin genes, which
encode a mitochondrially localized serine/threonine kinase and a ubiquitin-protein ligase …

Loss of mitochondrial complex I catalytic activity in the electron transport chain (ETC) is
found in multiple tissues from individuals with sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) and is a …

Animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been widely used in the past four decades
to investigate the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this neurodegenerative disorder …

The pathogenic mechanisms that underlie Parkinson's disease remain unknown. Here, we
review evidence from both sporadic and genetic forms of Parkinson's disease that implicate …