This article reviews the growing body of scientific work in artificial chemistry. First, common
motivations and fundamental concepts are introduced. Second, current research activities …

It has been 40 years since Spiegelman and co‐workers demonstrated how RNA molecules
can be evolved in the test tube. This result established Darwinian evolution as a chemical …

Flow-through chip thermocyclers can be used in miniaturized rapid polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) despite their high surface to volume ratio of samples. We demonstrated that …

An introduction to the fundamental concepts of the emerging field of Artificial Chemistries,
covering both theory and practical applications. The field of Artificial Life (ALife) is now firmly …

BACKGROUND: Behind the success of 'completing'the human genome project was a more
than 30-year history of technical innovations for nucleic acid testing. METHODS: Discovery …

Each living species carries a complex DNA sequence that determines their unique features
and functionalities. It is generally assumed that life started from a random pool of …

The rapid progress in the Human Genome Project has stimulated the development of
diverse analytical methods for mutation detection, elucidation of complex biological …

The key to the origins of life is the replication of information. Linear polymers such as nucleic
acids that both carry information and can be replicated are currently what we consider to be …

T7 RNA polymerase exhibits a highly active DNA-dependent phage RNA polymerase and is
one of the most widely used enzymes in molecular biology (6). Recent developments in the …

Sensitive CCD-based fluorescence detection has made spatially resolved studies of
evolving cell-free molecular systems possible. In recent years our attention has focussed on …