It is common to conduct causal inference in matched observational studies by proceeding as
though treatment assignments within matched sets are assigned uniformly at random and …

We review approaches to statistical inference based on randomization. Permutation tests
are treated as an important special case. Under a certain group invariance property, referred …

Linear mixed<? show [AQ ID= GQ2 POS=-18pt]?><? show [AQ ID= GQ4]?><? show [AQ ID=
GQ5 POS= 12pt]?> models are commonly used in analyzing stepped-wedge cluster …

There is no consensus on the meaning of the term “randomization test.” Contradictory uses
of the term are leading to confusion, misunderstandings and indeed invalid data analyses. A …

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium spp. parasites, with widespread
drug resistance to most antimalarial drugs. We report the development of two 3D-QSAR …

It is conventionally believed that permutation-based testing methods should ideally use all
permutations. We challenge this by showing that we can sometimes obtain dramatically …

Negative control is a common technique in scientific investigations and broadly refers to the
situation where a null effect (''negative result'') is expected. Motivated by a real proteomic …

Adaptive experiments use preliminary analyses of the data to inform further course of action
and are commonly used in many disciplines including medical and social sciences …

We design randomization tests of heterogeneous treatment effects when units interact on a
single connected network. Our modeling strategy allows network interference into the …

The aim of personalized medicine is to tailor treatment decisions to individuals'
characteristics. N-of-1 trials are within-person crossover trials that hold the promise of …