Water fleas of the genus Daphnia have been a model system for hundreds of years and is
among the best studied ecological model organisms to date. Daphnia are planktonic …

How do genetic variation and evolutionary change in critical species affect the composition
and functioning of populations, communities and ecosystems? Illuminating the links in the …

Lakes and ponds are scattered on Earth's surface as islands in the ocean. The organisms
inhabiting these ecosystems have thus developed strategies to pass the barrier represented …

Ecological communities are organized in trophic levels that share manifold interactions
forming complex food webs. Infochemicals can further modify these interactions, eg, by …

Species with a large geographic distributions present a challenge for phylogeographic
studies due to logistic difficulties of obtaining adequate sampling. For instance, in most …

Evolutionary developmental biology (evo–devo) is that part of biology concerned with how
changes in embryonic development during single generations relate to the evolutionary …

Phenotypic plasticity in defensive traits is an appropriate mechanism to cope with the
variable hazard of a frequently changing predator spectrum. In the animal kingdom these so …

In the post-genomic era, much of phylogenetic analyses still relies on mitochondrial DNA,
either alone or in combination with few nuclear genes. Although this approach often makes it …

Abstract Waterfleas (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cladocera) are among the most successful
invertebrates in current freshwater ecosystems, occupying a wide range of niches …

Predator‐induced morphological defences (PIMDs) are ubiquitous. Many PIMDs may be
mediated by prey behaviour rather than directly cued by predators. A survey of 92 studies …