Bone fracture following traumatic injury or due to osteoporosis is characterized by severe
pain and motor impairment and is a major cause of global mortality and disability. Fracture …

Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose is to review current literature on pain management
strategies from initial presentation to postoperative care on common fracture types. Recent …

Peripheral tissue damage and associated inflammation can trigger neuroplastic changes in
somatic pain pathways, such as reduced neuronal firing thresholds and synaptic …

Purpose A single-injection nerve block provides excellent analgesia in a short time, but
rebound pain after the nerve block disappears has attracted researchers' attention. The aim …

Background Acute postoperative pain plays an important role in the perioperative
neurocognitive disorders (PND). The pathogenesis of PND is still unknown, but it is …

Objective: To investigate the role of IL-18 in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation in
human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Methods: To assess whether IL-18 …

This study investigates the effects of theta burst stimulation (TBS) on inflammatory markers in
patients with isolated upper limb fractures (IULF). Participants underwent a 10-day TBS …

Postoperative Serum Levels of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), and Tumor
Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in Patients Following Hip Replacement Surgery for Traumatic …

As a surgeon, when I perform exactly the same surgery with similar complexity, duration of
surgery, and level of softtissue dissection on 2 different patients, they can have totally …

Despite the available knowledge on underlying mechanisms and the development of
several therapeutic strategies, optimal management of postoperative pain remains …