Exposure to early life stress (ELS), such as childhood abuse and neglect is a well
established major risk factor for develo** psychiatric and behavioral disorders later in life …

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) exerts its effects on the central nervous system
(CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) through two distinct types of receptors: the …

Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of
the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an …

The release of dopamine in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays an important role in the
autoinhibition of the dopamine neurons of the mesocorticolimbic system through the …

Neuronal nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) are a heterogeneous family of ion channels
differently expressed in the nervous system where, by responding to the endogenous …

Background Neuro–immune interaction underlies chronic neuroinflammation and aberrant
sensory processing resulting in neuropathic pain. Despite the pathological significance of …

Acetylcholine receptors comprising α4 and β2 subunits are the most abundant class of
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the brain. They contribute to cognition, reward, mood, and …

Acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of insects and
the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a target for neonicotinoid insecticides …

There are clear limitations to the currently approved pharmacotherapies of depression,
including the fact that they are all essentially monoamine-based, have modest efficacy and a …

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR s) are ligand‐gated ion channels broadly
involved in regulating neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS) by conducting …