Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor symptoms. Besides the
cardinal symptoms (akinesia and bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity), PD patients show …

The motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) are well known to manifest only when striatal
dopaminergic deficit reaches 60–70%. Thus, PD has a long pre-symptomatic and pre-motor …

Pathophysiology The establishment of a model of parkinsonism through the administration
of MPTP to nonhuman primates has provided important insights into new therapeutic …

Bradykinesia means slowness of movement and is one of the cardinal manifestations of
Parkinson's disease. Weakness, tremor and rigidity may contribute to but do not fully explain …

Motor imagery is viewed as a window to cognitive motor processes and particularly to motor
control. Mental simulation theory [Jeannerod, M., 2001. Neural simulation of action: a …

We investigated the functional anatomy of self-initiated and externally triggered movements.
Six patients with Parkinson's disease off medication and six age-matched normals were …

The motor signs of Parkinson's disease are thought to result in large part from a reduction of
the level of dopamine in the basal ganglia. Over the last few years, many of the functional …

Abstract Changes in sensory function that have been described in patients with Parkinson
disease (PD) can be either'pure'disorders of conscious perception such as elevations in …

Using functional MRI (fMRI), we have studied the changes induced by the performance of a
complex sequential motor task in the cortical areas of six akinetic patients with Parkinson's …

We test the hypothesis that interaction between the human basal ganglia and cerebral
cortex involves activity in multiple functional circuits characterized by their frequency of …