Charged particle therapy has been largely driven and influenced by nuclear physics. The
increase in energy deposition density along the ion path in the body allows reducing the …

Purpose Proton therapy can allow for superior avoidance of normal tissues. A widespread
consensus has been reached that proton therapy should be used for patients with curable …

The biological effectiveness of proton beams relative to photon beams in radiation therapy
has been taken to be 1.1 throughout the history of proton therapy. While potentially …

Purpose This paper covers recent developments and applications of the TOPAS TOol for
PArticle Simulation and presents the approaches used to disseminate TOPAS. Materials and …

Proton therapy treatments are currently planned and delivered using the assumption that the
proton relative biological effectiveness (RBE) relative to photons is 1.1. This assumption …

ICRU Report 98, Stochastic Nature of Radiation Interactions: Microdosimetry - LA Braby, V.
Conte, M. Dingfelder, DT Goodhead, LS Pinsky, AB Rosenfeld, T. Sato, AJ Waker, S. Guatelli …

The TOPAS Monte Carlo (MC) system is used in radiation therapy and medical imaging
research, having played a significant role in making Monte Carlo simulations widely …

Monte Carlo simulation techniques made a slow entry in the field of radiotherapy in the late
1970s. Since then they have gained enormous popularity, judging by the number of papers …

The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons varies with multiple physical and
biological factors. Phenomenological RBE models have been developed to include such …

Accurate prediction of tumor control and toxicities in radiation therapy faces many
uncertainties. Besides interpatient variability in the response to radiation, there are also …