Carbonatites are igneous rocks formed in the crust by fractional crystallization of carbonate-
rich parental melts that are mostly mantle derived. They dominantly consist of carbonate …

Deposits enriched in rare earth elements (REEs) are abundant and diverse in mineralogy,
but those of current economic value have extremely limited geographic distribution. Due to …

Rare earth elements (REE), essential metals for the transition to a zero-emission economy,
are mostly extracted from REE-fluorcarbonate minerals in deposits associated with …

Carbonatites and related rocks are the premier source for light rare earth element (LREE)
deposits. Here, we outline an ore formation model for LREE-mineralised carbonatites …

The rare earth elements (REE) are critical raw materials for much of modern technology,
particularly renewable energy infrastructure and electric vehicles that are vital for the energy …

Abstract The giant Bayan Obo deposit in China represents the largest rare earth element
(REE) resource in the world, but the mechanisms for its highly anomalous REE enrichment …

Carbonatite intrusions host the world's most important light rare earth element (LREE)
deposits, and their formation generally requires extraordinary fertile sources, magmatic …

Emerging renewable energy technologies and low-carbon transportation rely heavily on the
unique optical and magnetic properties of the rare earth elements. The medium to heavy …

Carbonatites are rare igneous rocks that host the largest resources of REE and Nb, yet, their
genesis and evolution are far from clear. The leading models of carbonatite formation are …

Liquid immiscibility has become the preferred mode of genesis for the carbonatite rocks,
which commonly, but not exclusively, accompany silicate rocks in alkaline-rock complexes …