Recently, the recommendations for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)
have been updated. However, in addition to the clinical efficacy data, the drug of choice …

Highlights•Plasmid mediated resistances to metronidazole (pCD-METRO) and vancomycin
(pX18-498) may reduce their efficacies.•Heme-dependent resistance to metronidazole found …

Severe outbreaks and deaths have been linked to the emergence and global spread of
fluoroquinolone-resistant Clostridioides difficile over the past two decades. At the same time …

Background Clinical studies have demonstrated inferior cure rates when metronidazole
(MTZ) is used to treat Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). We hypothesized that a newly …

Clostridioides difficile is an obligate anaerobic pathogen among the most common causes of
healthcare-associated infections. It poses a global threat due to the clinical outcomes of …

Antibiotics present in aquatic environments can contribute to the emergence of antibiotic-
resistant bacterial strains, posing potential threats to public health. Therefore, efficient …

Toxin production by Clostridioides difficile damages the colonic epithelium and leads to a
robust inflammatory response. This disruption of the epithelial barrier markedly alters the …

Heme is a versatile molecule that is vital for nearly all cellular life by serving as prosthetic
group for various enzymes or as nutritional iron source for diverse microbial species …

ABSTRACT Introduction Updating data on Clostridioides difficile antibiotic resistance is
important for treatment improvement of C. difficile infections (CDIs). Areas covered Results …

Epigenetically targeted therapeutic development, particularly for SAM-dependent
methylations of DNA, mRNA and histones has been proceeding rapidly for cancer …