The immune system protects from infections primarily by detecting and eliminating the
invading pathogens; however, the host organism can also protect itself from infectious …

Humans likely evolved precautionary systems designed to minimize the threats to
reproductive fitness posed by highly interdependent ultrasociality. A review of research on …

The “behavioral immune system” is a motivational system that evolved as a means of
inhibiting contact with disease-causing parasites and that, in contemporary human societies …

Like many other animals, human beings engage in behavioral defenses against infectious
pathogens. The behavioral immune system consists of a suite of psychological mechanisms …

Because immunological defence against pathogens is costly and merely reactive, human
anti-pathogen defence is also characterized by proactive behavioural mechanisms that …

Observational studies have suggested that with time, some diseases result in a
characteristic odor emanating from different sources on the body of a sick individual …

Let's talk first about parasites. Given the persistent influence that bacteria, viruses, and other
parasites have had on human evolution (Van Blerkom, 2003), it's astonishing that so little …

Compared with living free, the parasitic way of life has many attractions. Parasites create
problems for all animals. Potential hosts can respond by learning to live with parasites …

What are the origins of cultural differences in conformity? The authors deduce the
hypothesis that these cultural differences may reflect historical variability in the prevalence of …

Systemic inflammation is associated with sickness behaviour and signals pass from the
blood to the brain via macrophage populations associated with the brain, the perivascular …