Plants respond to herbivory through various morphological, biochemicals, and molecular
mechanisms to counter/offset the effects of herbivore attack. The biochemical mechanisms of …

Phenotypic plasticity is considered the major means by which plants cope with
environmental heterogeneity. Although ubiquitous in nature, actual phenotypic plasticity is …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

Ecology and evolution have long been recognized as reciprocally influencing each other,
with recent research emphasizing how such interactions can occur even on very short …

Over the past decade, advances in both molecular developmental biology and evolutionary
ecology have made possible a new understanding of organisms as dynamic systems …

The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) exerts direct control over the production of chemical
defense compounds that confer resistance to a remarkable spectrum of plant-associated …

Plants possess a range of defenses that can be actively expressed in response to
pathogens and parasites of various scales, ranging from microscopic viruses to insect …

Plants may also be resistant to arthropods via the tolerance category of resistance, as
defined in Chapter 1, by possessing the ability to withstand or recover from damage caused …

Predators are potent agents of natural selection in biological communities. Experimental
studies have shown that the introduction of predators can cause rapid evolution of defensive …

The importance of interspecific competition is a highly controversial and unresolved issue for
community ecology in general, and for phytophagous insects in particular. Recent …