Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global
population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water …

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is lauded for its potentials to solve both energy crisis and
environmental pollution. Technologically, it offers the capability to harness electricity from …

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an emerging membrane based technology that captures
electricity from controlled mixing of two water streams of different salinities. To date, great …

This article provides an up-to-date perspective on the use of anion-exchange membranes in
fuel cells, electrolysers, redox flow batteries, reverse electrodialysis cells, and …

Salinity gradient energy is currently attracting growing attention among the scientific
community as a renewable energy source. In particular, Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) is …

The increase of energy demand added to the concern for environmental pollution linked to
energy generation based on the combustion of fossil fuels has motivated the study and …

Combining two solutions of different composition releases the Gibbs free energy of mixing.
By using engineered processes to control the mixing, chemical energy stored in salinity …

The microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology relies on electroactive bacteria to degrade organic
molecules for bioelectricity production. MFC is a potentially useful approach for wastewater …

Fundamental water and salt transport properties of polymers are critical for applications such
as reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), forward osmosis (FO), pressure-retarded …

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a promising technology for extracting energy from salinity
gradients. However, there are still barriers to the realization of its commercial application …