Microbial and animal rhodopsins: structures, functions, and molecular mechanisms

OP Ernst, DT Lodowski, M Elstner, P Hegemann… - Chemical …, 2014 - ACS Publications
Organisms of all domains of life use photoreceptor proteins to sense and respond to light.
The light-sensitivity of photoreceptor proteins arises from bound chromophores such as …

Photoreceptor cells and RPE contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy

D Tonade, TS Kern - Progress in retinal and eye research, 2021 - Elsevier
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness. It has long been regarded as
vascular disease, but work in the past years has shown abnormalities also in the neural …

An expanding role for nonvisual opsins in extraocular light sensing physiology

M Andrabi, BA Upton, RA Lang… - Annual review of vision …, 2023 - annualreviews.org
We live on a planet that is bathed in daily and seasonal sunlight cycles. In this context,
terrestrial life forms have evolved mechanisms that directly harness light energy (plants) or …

Crystal structure of a lipid G protein–coupled receptor

MA Hanson, CB Roth, E Jo, MT Griffith, FL Scott… - Science, 2012 - science.org
The lyso-phospholipid sphingosine 1-phosphate modulates lymphocyte trafficking,
endothelial development and integrity, heart rate, and vascular tone and maturation by …

Mammalian G proteins and their cell type specific functions

N Wettschureck, S Offermanns - Physiological reviews, 2005 - journals.physiology.org
Heterotrimeric G proteins are key players in transmembrane signaling by coupling a huge
variety of receptors to channel proteins, enzymes, and other effector molecules. Multiple …

Chemistry of the retinoid (visual) cycle

PD Kiser, M Golczak, K Palczewski - Chemical reviews, 2014 - ACS Publications
As succinctly summarized by Wolf, 1 lack of vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) was recognized by
ancient Egyptians as causing a visual deficiency involving the retina and cornea that could …

G protein–coupled receptor rhodopsin

K Palczewski - Annu. Rev. Biochem., 2006 - annualreviews.org
The rhodopsin crystal structure provides a structural basis for understanding the function of
this and other G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). The major structural motifs observed …

Crystal structure of the ligand-free G-protein-coupled receptor opsin

JH Park, P Scheerer, KP Hofmann, HW Choe, OP Ernst - Nature, 2008 - nature.com
In the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) rhodopsin, the inactivating ligand 11-cis-retinal is
bound in the seven-transmembrane helix (TM) bundle and is cis/trans isomerized by light to …

Molecular mechanisms of ligand binding, signaling, and regulation within the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors: molecular modeling and mutagenesis …

K Kristiansen - Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2004 - Elsevier
The superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) could be subclassified into 7
families (A, B, large N-terminal family B-7 transmembrane helix, C, Frizzled/Smoothened …

[HTML][HTML] Chemistry and biology of vision

K Palczewski - Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2012 - Elsevier
Visual perception in humans occurs through absorption of electromagnetic radiation from
400 to 780 nm by photoreceptors in the retina. A photon of visible light carries a sufficient …