Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease resulting in joint deterioration.
Synovial inflammation is present in the OA joint and has been associated with radiographic …

Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells within the synovial joints, and also the
main innate immune effector cells triggering the initial inflammatory responses in the …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and osteoarthritis (OA) affecting the facet joint of the
spine are biomechanically interdependent, typically occur in tandem, and have considerable …

The ability of articular cartilage to repair itself is limited because it lacks blood vessels,
nerves, and lymph tissue. Once damaged, it can lead to joint swelling and pain, accelerating …

Pathological calcification of cartilage is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). Calcification can be
observed both at the cartilage surface and in its deeper layers. The formation of calcium …

The inappropriate regenerated fibrous cartilage and subchondral bone of the injured
chondral defect ultimately cause degeneration of the regenerated cartilage, which …

OA is now well accepted as a low-grade inflammatory disease affecting the whole joint. In
addition to mechanical loading, inflammation (particularly synovitis), contributes significantly …

Recent research has brought about a clear understanding that successful fracture healing is
based on carefully coordinated cross-talk between inflammatory and bone forming cells. In …

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosome was previously shown to be effective in repairing
critical size osteochondral defects in an immunocompetent rat model. Here we investigate …

Cartilage lesions and osteoarthritis (OA) presents an ever-increasing clinical and
socioeconomic burden. Synovial inflammation and articular inflammatory environment are …