This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a
behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning …

While memories are often thought of as flashbacks to a previous experience, they do not
simply conserve veridical representations of the past but must continually integrate new …

The ability to establish behaviorally what psychological capacity an animal is deploying—to
discern accurately what an animal is doing—is key to functional analyses of the brain. Our …

The c-fos gene was first described as a proto-oncogene responsible for the induction of
bone tumors. A few decades ago, activation of the protein product c-fos was reported in the …

Neuronal activity-inducible gene transcription correlates with rapid and transient increases
in histone acetylation at promoters and enhancers of activity-regulated genes. Exactly how …

Poorly regulated reward seeking is a central feature of substance use disorder. Recent
research shows that rewarding drug-related experiences induce synchronous activation of a …

Making decisions in environments with few choice options is easy. We select the action that
results in the most valued outcome. Making decisions in more complex environments, where …

Addiction has been conceptualized as a disease of learning and memory. Learned
associations between environmental cues and unconditioned rewards induced by drug …

Neuronal ensembles in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) play a role in both cocaine
and palatable food seeking. However, it is unknown whether similar or different vmPFC …

Understanding the neurobiology of complex behaviors requires measurement of activity in
the discrete population of active neurons, neuronal ensembles, which control the behavior …