BACKGROUND Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are places in the ocean that receive
protection to safeguard biodiversity from abatable threats. Confusion exists about the …

Approximately 25 years ago, ecologists became increasingly interested in the question of
whether ongoing biodiversity loss matters for the functioning of ecosystems. As such, a new …

Freshwater fish represent one-fourth of the world's vertebrates and provide irreplaceable
goods and services but are increasingly affected by human activities. A new index …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being promoted as an ocean-based climate
solution. However, such claims remain controversial because of the diffuse and poorly …

More than 500 controlled experiments have collectively suggested that biodiversity loss
reduces ecosystem productivity and stability,,. Yet the importance of biodiversity in …

Biodiversity enhances many of nature's benefits to people, including the regulation of
climate and the production of wood in forests, livestock forage in grasslands and fish in …

Coral reefs are in global decline. Reversing this trend is a primary management objective
but doing so depends on understanding what keeps reefs in desirable states (ie …

Marine megafauna, the largest animals in the oceans, serve key roles in ecosystem
functioning. Yet, one-third of these animals are at risk of extinction. To better understand the …

Global warming is markedly changing diverse coral reef ecosystems through an increasing
frequency and magnitude of mass bleaching events,–. How local impacts scale up across …

Understanding the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has major
implications. Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships are generally investigated at …