Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Pancreatic tumors are highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Delivery and
distribution of drugs within pancreatic tumors are compromised due to intrinsic physical and …

Cancer has complex pathophysiology and is one of the primary causes of death and
morbidity across the world. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, and …

Dendritic cell (DC)‐based cancer immunotherapy has exhibited remarkable clinical
prospects because DCs play a central role in initiating and regulating adaptive immune …

Over the last decades, vaccine development has advanced significantly in pursuing higher
safety with less side effects. However, this is often accompanied by a reduction in vaccine …

Cancer continues to represent a global health concern, imposing an ongoing need to
research for better treatment alternatives. In this context, nanomedicine seems to be the …

Despite the great success of vaccines over two centuries, the conventional strategy is based
on attenuated/altered microorganisms. However, this is not effective for all microbes and …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the primary antigen-presenting cells and play key roles in the
orchestration of the innate and adaptive immune system. Targeting DCs by nanotechnology …

Nanovaccine‐based immunotherapy (NBI) has the ability to initiate dendritic cell (DC)‐
mediated tumor‐specific immune responses and maintain long‐term antitumor immune …

Therapeutic tumor vaccines have attracted considerable attention in the past decade; they
can induce tumor regression, eradicate minimal residual disease, establish lasting immune …