Objective To evaluate the treatment efficacy of neuromodulation versus sham for the
treatment of tinnitus. Data Sources Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus. Review …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely employed as a tool to investigate and
treat brain diseases. However, little is known about the direct effects of TMS on the brain …

Current limits for exposures to nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) are set, based on
relatively short‐term exposures. Long‐term exposures to weak EMF are not addressed in …

Kindling results in abnormal synaptic potentiation and significant impairment in learning and
memory. Electromagnetic field (EMF) effects on learning and memory in kindled animals and …

Novel stimulation protocols for neuromodulation with magnetic fields are explored in clinical
and laboratory settings. Recent evidence suggests that the activation state of the nervous …

Epilepsies are characterized by paroxysmal electrophysiological events and seizures, which
can propagate across the brain. One of the main unsolved questions in epilepsy is how …

Cryotherapy, a rapid and effective medical treatment utilizing low temperatures, has not
been widely adopted in clinical practice due to a limited understanding of its mechanisms …

Biological neuronal cells communicate using neurochemistry and electrical signals. The
same phenomena also allow us to probe and manipulate neuronal systems and …

Electric current has been used for epilepsy treatment by targeting specific neural circuitries.
Despite its success, direct contact between the electrode and tissue could cause side effects …

Magnetic stimulation for neural activation is widely used in clinical and lab research. In
comparison to electric stimulation using an implanted electrode, stimulation with a large …