Highlights•Parklands reflect the ecological knowledge of farmers of the Sahel as a risk prone
environment.•Parklands are providers of a range of ecological functions and products.•The …

To address the decline in crop productivity in the drylands of West Africa, many initiatives
have focused on combating soil degradation. Various practices including (1) parkland trees …

The 'parklands' that form the most widespread farming systems in the Sahelian zone of West
Africa are farming systems in which annual crops are grown under scattered trees preserved …

This chapter reviews the beneficial and adverse effects of trees on crops with regard to water
use and water balance, and considers how tree-crop interactions may change under …

Crop production statistics at the field scale are scarce in African countries, limiting potential
research on yield gaps as well as monitoring related to food security. This paper examines …

The geographic designation employed and the presentation of material in this publication do
not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Agroforestry …

To address tree–soil–crop interactions in the Sahel, we examined the growth-limiting factors
(water, light and mineral nutrients) of Sorghum bicolor growing under trees in agroforestry …

Trees in agroforestry parklands influence crops both through competitive and facilitative
mechanism, but the effects are challenging to disentangle due to the complexity of the …

Sorghum in the trenched plots under unpruned V. paradoxa trees than pruned trees could
be an indication that light was less limiting under this species as previously thought but also …

This chapter focuses on the adaptation of crops to their habitat, and specifically to shade. It
also examines adaptation parameters (leaf morphology and anatomy, chloroplast structure …