Predicting antidepressant treatment response has been a clinical challenge for major
depressive disorder (MDD). The inflammation hypothesis of depression suggests that …

The depressive state has been characterised as one of elevated inflammation, which holds
promise for better understanding treatment-resistance in affective disorders as well as for …

Abstract Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), initially known for its tumor cytotoxicity, is a potent
mediator of inflammation, as well as many normal physiological functions in homeostasis …

BACKGROUND: Major depression occurs in 4.4% to 20% of the general population. Studies
suggest that major depression is accompanied by immune dysregulation and activation of …

Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, for example, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα),
interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1 beta (IL-1β), are elevated in subjects with major depressive …

Background Cytokines are implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder
(MDD). However, the pattern of alterations in cytokine levels is still unclear. The current …

Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is exceedingly high worldwide.
Depressive illness is a serious psychiatric illness that afflicts a significant portion of the world …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by mood, vegetative, cognitive, and even
psychotic symptoms and signs that can cause substantial impairments in quality of life and …

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathophysiology of
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), as well as in a number of chronic medical conditions …

The role for dysregulation of the immune system in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder
is well established, and emerging research suggests the role of an underlying genetic …