For many years, our understanding of the behavior of the REE in hydrothermal systems was
based on semi-empirical estimates involving extrapolation of thermodynamic data obtained …

The hydration and complexation of metals in hydrothermal fluids are key processes
controlling the mobility of elements in the Earth's crust, leading to the formation of ore …

The rare earth elements (REE) have attracted much attention in recent years, being viewed
as critical metals because of China's domination of their supply chain. This is despite the fact …

Although the rare earth elements have been thought by many to be immobile in
hydrothermal fluids, we have known since the first attempts to separate them in the early …

Porphyry deposits arguably represent the most economically important class of nonferrous
metallic mineral resources. These magmatic-hydrothermal deposits are characterized by …

Abstract Development of renewable energy infrastructure requires critical raw materials,
such as the rare earth elements (REEs, including scandium) and niobium, and is driving …

New technologies, particularly those designed to address environmental concerns, have
created a great demand for the rare earth elements (REE), and focused considerable …

Three major categories of ore deposits—granite-related sensu stricto—were selected for
detailed analysis: disseminated magmatic mineralization in granites themselves (rare metal …

Metal-rich fluids that circulate in magmatic-hydrothermal environments form a wide array of
economically significant ore deposits. Unravelling the origins and evolution of these fluids is …

The Baerzhe alkaline granite pluton hosts one of the largest rare metal (Zr, rare earth
elements, and Nb) deposits in Asia. It contains a geological resource of about 100 Mt at …