The most unique feature of Earth is the existence of life, and the most extraordinary feature
of life is its diversity. Approximately 9 million types of plants, animals, protists and fungi …

We review empirical studies on how bioinvasions alter food webs and how a food-web
perspective may change their prediction and management. Predation is found to underlie …

Insects provide critical ecosystem services such as biological pest control, in which natural
enemies (NE) regulate the populations of crop-feeding herbivores (H). While H-NE …

Biotic interactions underlie ecosystem structure and function, but predicting interaction
outcomes is difficult. We tested the hypothesis that biotic interaction strength increases …

Despite much recent progress, our understanding of diversity–stability relationships across
different study systems remains incomplete. In particular, recent theory clarified that within …

The seasonal succession of plankton is an annually repeated process of community
assembly during which all major external factors and internal interactions sha** …

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1419–1434 Abstract Ocean acidification is a pervasive stressor
that could affect many marine organisms and cause profound ecological shifts. A variety of …

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1055–1071 Abstract Whereas many land predators disappeared
before their ecological roles were studied, the decline of marine apex predators is still …

Exotic species affect the biogeochemical pools and fluxes of materials and energy, thereby
altering the fundamental structure and function of their ecosystems. Rapidly accumulating …

Humans impact natural systems in a multitude of ways, yet the cumulative effect of multiple
stressors on ecological communities remains largely unknown. Here we synthesized 171 …