Metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients and involves a multistep process
including detachment of cancer cells from a primary cancer, invasion of surrounding tissue …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) link information transfer from external stimuli-
activated sensors to cellular responses. The completed Arabidopsis genome sequence …

Building a complex structure such as the cell wall, with many individual parts that need to be
assembled correctly from distinct sources within the cell, is a well-orchestrated process …

Plant cytokinesis is orchestrated by a specialized structure, the phragmoplast. The
phragmoplast first occurred in representatives of Charophyte algae and then became the …

Microtubules orchestrate cell division and morphogenesis, but how they disassemble and
reappear at different subcellular locations is unknown. Microtubule organizing centres are …

Microtubules are one of the three major cytoskeletal components in eukaryotic cells.
Heterodimers composed of GTP-bound α-and β-tubulin molecules polymerize to form …

In Arabidopsis ton 2 mutants, abnormalities of the cortical microtubular cytoskeleton, such as
disorganization of the interphase microtubule array and lack of the preprophase band before …

Ordered cortical microtubule arrays are essential for normal plant morphogenesis, but how
these arrays form is unclear. The dynamics of individual cortical microtubules are stochastic …

Plant microtubule arrays differ fundamentally from their animal, fungal and protistan
counterparts. These differences largely reflect the requirements of plant composite polymer …

Plants have unique microtubule (MT) arrays, cortical MTs, preprophase band, mitotic
spindle, and phragmoplast, in the processes of evolution. These MT arrays control the …