After more than a century from its discovery, valproic acid (VPA) still represents one of the
most efficient antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Pre and post-synaptic effects of VPA depend on a …

Epilepsy is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Antiepileptic drugs
(AEDs) are used to control seizures. Even though parts of their mechanisms of action are …

Introduction: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most important reason for
morbidity and mortality in term-born infants. Understanding pathophysiology of the brain …

Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating disease that primarily
causes neuronal and white matter injury and is among the leading cause of death among …

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are used extensively to treat multiple non-epilepsy disorders,
both in neurology and psychiatry. This article provides a review of the clinical efficacy of …

Valproic acid (VPA, 2-propylpentanoic acid) has been widely used as an antiepileptic drug
and for the therapy of bipolar disorders for several years. Its mechanism of action was …

Perinatal brain injury at term is common and often manifests with neonatal encephalopathy
including seizures. The most common aetiologies are hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy …

Several cellular and molecular mechanisms have been implicated in migraine
pathophysiology including abnormal neuronal excitability and vascular events. Drugs from …

Objective Epilepsy is associated with increased risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). We
aimed to establish, in a community based study, whether this association is mediated by …

Levetiracetam (LEV) is a prominent antiepileptic drug that binds to neuronal synaptic vesicle
glycoprotein 2A protein and has reported effects on ion channels, but with a poorly defined …