Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused millions of
deaths and substantial morbidity worldwide. Intense scientific effort to understand the …

In late 2020, after circulating for almost a year in the human population, severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibited a major step change in its …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 activity has intensified globally since 2021,
increasingly causing mass mortality in wild birds and poultry and incidental infections in …

The first SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC) to be designated was lineage B. 1.1. 7, later
labelled by the World Health Organization as Alpha. Originating in early autumn but …

The massive scale of the global SARS-CoV-2 sequencing effort created new opportunities
and challenges for understanding SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Rapid detection and assessment …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs)
now arise in the context of heterogeneous human connectivity and population immunity …

Summary The Alpha, Beta, and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) co-
circulated globally during 2020 and 2021, fueling waves of infections. They were displaced …

Continually emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that can evade immune defenses
are driving recurrent epidemic waves of COVID-19 globally. However, the impact of …

Vast amounts of pathogen genomic, demographic and spatial data are transforming our
understanding of SARS-CoV-2 emergence and spread. We examined the drivers of …

The effectiveness of international border control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic
is not well understood. Using a narrative synthesis approach to published systematic …