International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine

RB Kreider, DS Kalman, J Antonio… - Journal of the …, 2017 - Taylor & Francis
Creatine is one of the most popular nutritional ergogenic aids for athletes. Studies have
consistently shown that creatine supplementation increases intramuscular creatine …

Creatine in health and disease

RB Kreider, JR Stout - Nutrients, 2021 - mdpi.com
Although creatine has been mostly studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and
sport, several health and potential therapeutic benefits have been reported. This is because …

Effects of creatine supplementation on brain function and health

SC Forbes, DM Cordingley, SM Cornish, B Gualano… - Nutrients, 2022 - mdpi.com
While the vast majority of research involving creatine supplementation has focused on
skeletal muscle, there is a small body of accumulating research that has focused on creatine …

Creatine supplementation and brain health

H Roschel, B Gualano, SM Ostojic, ES Rawson - Nutrients, 2021 - mdpi.com
There is a robust and compelling body of evidence supporting the ergogenic and
therapeutic role of creatine supplementation in muscle. Beyond these well-described effects …

The creatine kinase system and pleiotropic effects of creatine

T Wallimann, M Tokarska-Schlattner, U Schlattner - Amino acids, 2011 - Springer
The pleiotropic effects of creatine (Cr) are based mostly on the functions of the enzyme
creatine kinase (CK) and its high-energy product phosphocreatine (PCr). Multidisciplinary …

Cognitive enhancement: methods, ethics, regulatory challenges

N Bostrom, A Sandberg - Science and engineering ethics, 2009 - Springer
Cognitive enhancement takes many and diverse forms. Various methods of cognitive
enhancement have implications for the near future. At the same time, these technologies …

Benefits of a plant-based diet and considerations for the athlete

KA Shaw, GA Zello, CD Rodgers, TD Warkentin… - European journal of …, 2022 - Springer
Individuals may opt to follow a plant-based diet for a variety of reasons, such as religious
practices, health benefits or concerns for animal or environmental welfare. Such diets offer a …

Meat traditions. The co-evolution of humans and meat

F Leroy, I Praet - Appetite, 2015 - Elsevier
The debate on the future of meat centres on recent environmental, economical, ethical, and
health issues, whereas historical dimensions are all too often overlooked. The fiery …

Effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function of healthy individuals: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

KI Avgerinos, N Spyrou, KI Bougioukas… - Experimental …, 2018 - Elsevier
Background and aims Creatine is a supplement used by sportsmen to increase athletic
performance by improving energy supply to muscle tissues. It is also an essential brain …

Functions and effects of creatine in the central nervous system

RH Andres, AD Ducray, U Schlattner, T Wallimann… - Brain research …, 2008 - Elsevier
Creatine kinase catalyses the reversible transphosphorylation of creatine by ATP. In the cell,
creatine kinase isoenzymes are specifically localized at strategic sites of ATP consumption …